Stochastic characteristics of rainfall-runoff processes in southeast Botswana

نویسندگان

  • E. M. LUNGU
  • E. M. Lungu
چکیده

This study was carried out chiefly for hydrological characterization of the rainfall-runoff processes of southeast Botswana. It is shown that the direct runoff component behaves as a memoryless process while the baseflow component, where this is present, is associated with first order memory. Interaction between rainfall and runoff processes on a monthly basis is found to be highly stochastic, with the variance explained by the stochastic component ranging from 70% to 83%. The level of this influence is found to be smallest for a catchment with the smallest drainage area and the entire study area is found to consist of physical features which accelerate movement of runoff water. Caractéristiques stochastiques des processus de précipitationsécoulements dans le sud-est du Botswana Résumé Cette étude a été menée principalement pour la caractérisation des processus de précipitations-écoulements dans le sudest du Botswana. On montre que la composante d'écoulement direct se comporte comme un processus sans mémoire, tandis que la composante de l'écoulement de base, lorsqu'elle est présente, est associée à un processus à mémoire du premier ordre. On trouve que l'interaction, sur une base mensuelle, entre les processus de précipitations et d'écoulements est hautement stochastique, la valeur de la variance étant expliquée par la composante stochastique pour 70% à 83%. On trouve que l'importance de cette influence est la plus petite pour un bassin versant ayant la plus petite surface et que la totalité de la surface d'étude présente des caractéristiques physiques qui accélèrent le mouvement de l'eau d'écoulement. INTRODUCTION Botswana occupies an area of 580 000 km of the upwarped Kalahari Basin of the great south Africa plateau and straddles the Tropic of Capricorn. Because of its latitudinal location, its remoteness from the oceans and almost lack of orographic influence, the country has a continental arid to semiarid climate. The average daily maximum temperature is about 35°C in January and 22°C in July with extremes of up to 45°C and 32°C respectively. Average Open for discussion until 1 April 1992 423

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تاریخ انتشار 2007